In men: Low estradiol is seen with low testosterone / reduced aromatization, aromatase inhibitor therapy, and androgen deprivation therapy. It may contribute to reduced libido, vasomotor symptoms, and bone loss.
In women: Low estradiol is seen with menopause, primary ovarian insufficiency, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea / low energy availability, hypopituitarism, and aromatase inhibitor therapy. In premenopausal women, results should be interpreted in the context of cycle phase.

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